"Statistical mechanics provides us with the ‘eyes’ to appreciate collective phenomenain quantitative and insightful ways."

— Sidney Redner, Birds On A Wire

非平衡統計物理和熱力學

  • 資訊理論：Jaynes, E. T. (1957). Information theory and statistical mechanics. Physical Review, 106(4), 620–630. [來源]
  • 漲落定理的延伸：Callen, H. B., & Welton, T. A. (1951). Irreversibility and generalized noise. Physical Review, 83(1), 34–40. [來源]
  • 天下沒有免費的午餐：D. H. Wolpert and W. G. Macready, “No free lunch theorems for optimization,” in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 67-82, April 1997. [來源]

動力系統和混沌

  • 勞侖次吸引子與蝴蝶效應：Lorenz, E. N. (1963). Deterministic nonperiodic flow. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 20(2), 130-141. [來源]

機器學習

  • Ensemble 學習：Krogh, A., & Sollich, P. (1997). Statistical mechanics of ensemble learning. Physical Review E, 55(1), 811–825. [來源]
    • Hopfield 網路：J.J. Hopfield, Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 (8) 2554-2558. [來源]

集體行為

  • 湧現（emergence）：Anderson, P. W. (1972). More is different. Science, 177(4047), 393–396. [來源]
  • 聚集效應（flocking）: Toner, J., & Tu, Y. (1998). Flocks, herds, and schools: A quantitative theory of flocking. Physical Review E, 58(4), 4828–4858. [來源]

網路理論

  • 網路（network）結構：Clauset, A., Newman, M. E. J., & Moore, C. (2004). Finding community structure in very large networks. Physical Review E, 70(6), Article 066111. [來源]